Heart rate variability (HRV) is a relevant physiological variable for the estimation of cardiac autonomic function. Although the gold standard for HRV registration is the electrocardiogram (ECG), several applications (APPs) have been increasingly developed. The evaluation carried out by these devices must be compatible with ECG standards. The aim of this study was to compare the data obtained simultaneously with ECG and APP with chest heart rate transmitters. Fifty-six healthy individuals (28 men and 28 women) were evaluated at rest through a short simultaneous HRV measurement with both devices. Data from both acquisition systems were analyzed separately using their own analysis software and exported and analyzed using a validated software. Signal recordings were compatible between the two acquisition systems (Pearson r=0.99; P<0.0001). Although a high correlation was found for the HRV variables obtained in the time domain (Spearman r=0.99; P<0.0001), the correlation decreased in the frequency domain (Pearson r=0.85; P<0.0001) when two software programs were used. Comparison of the averages of spectral analysis parameters also showed differences when HRV data were analyzed separately in each device for low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) bands. Although the portability of these mobile devices allows for optimal HRV evaluation, the direct analysis obtained from these devices must be carefully evaluated with respect to frequency domain parameters.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a disponibilidade de cálcio (Ca2+) a partir de duas formas farmacêuticas (oral e intravaginal) e o seu efeito sobre o metabolismo de ruminantes. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, foram estudadas 24 ovelhas lactantes, divididas de forma randomizada em 4 grupos: dispositivo tratamento (DT); dispositivo controle (DC); oral tratamento (OT); e oral controle (OC). Os animais tratados receberam formiato de cálcio e cloreto de magnésio, as avaliações foram realizadas após a administração dos tratamentos. Foi feita avaliação de cálcio total (CaT), magnésio (Mg), proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama glutamil transpeptidase (GGT), ureia, albumina e pH urinário, e realizado exame clínico em todos os animais. As concentrações séricas de CaT, CaI e Mg diferiram entre os grupos (P≤ 0,05), os animais dos grupos DT e DC, diferiram nas três avaliações, o grupo DT apresentou as maiores médias, sendo significativamente igual ao grupo OT. Não houve diferença nas concentrações séricas de PPT, AST, GGT, Albumina, Ureia e pH urinário. Conclui-se que a disponibilidade sanguínea de CaT, CaI e Mg é igual quando a administração de formiato de cálcio e magnésio é por via intravaginal ou por via oral, sem alterar outros parâmetros metabólicos avaliados.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to evaluate the availability of calcium (Ca2+) from two pharmaceutical forms (oral and intravaginal) and its effect on the metabolism of ruminants. The study was carried out at the experimental farm of the Federal University of Pelotas. Twenty-four lactating ewes were randomly divided into 4 groups: treatment device (TD); control device (DC); oral treatment (OT); and oral control (OC). Treated animals received calcium formate and magnesium chloride, evaluations were performed after administration of the treatments. Total calcium (CaT), magnesium (Mg), total plasma proteins (PPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), urea, albumin and urinary pH, and clinical examination were performed on all animals. Serum CaT, CaI and Mg levels differed between the groups (P≤ 0.05), the animals in the DT and DC groups differed in the three evaluations, the DT group had the highest mean values, being significantly equal to the OT group. There was no difference in the serum concentrations of PPT, AST, GGT, Albumin, Urea and urinary pH. In conclusion, the blood availability of CaT, CaI and Mg is the same when administration of calcium and magnesium formate is intravaginal or orally, without altering other metabolic parameters evaluated.

RESUMO A hipótese do presente estudo consiste em que uma dieta aniônica prolongada acarretaria uma mobilização mais rápida do cálcio sanguíneo. O objetivo proposto foi avaliar parâmetros clínicos, hematológicos e bioquímicos de novilhas, com hipocalcemia subclínica, submetidas a diferentes períodos de fornecimento de dieta aniônica no pré-parto. Foram utilizadas nove novilhas da raça Holandês induzidas à hipocalcemia subclínica no pré-parto, divididas em três grupos: G0 = sem dieta aniônica antes da indução; G11 = 11 dias de dieta aniônica pré-indução; e G15 = 15 dias de dieta aniônica pré-indução. Foi realizado exame clínico antes e depois da indução, e avaliaram-se cálcio total e ionizado, magnésio e albumina nos dias -2, 0, 1, 2 e 3 (dia 0 = momento da indução) e parâmetros hematológicos nos dias 0, 1, 2 e 3. O G11 apresentou maiores concentrações de cálcio total e ionizado que o G0 e maiores níveis de cálcio total que o G15 (P<0,01). O magnésio teve maiores valores no G15 quando comparado aos outros grupos (P<0,01). O G0 apresentou os maiores valores de monócitos e neutrófilos bastonetes (P<0,01). A dieta aniônica por 11 dias é suficiente para manter a homeostase do cálcio e a resposta leucocitária em novilhas desafiadas a uma diminuição do cálcio sanguíneo.

ABSTRACT This study's hypothesis is that cows receiving anionic diet for a longer period respond more quickly to decreased blood calcium. The aim was to evaluate the heifers’ clinical, hematological, and biochemical parameters, with subclinical hypocalcemia, subjected to different periods of anionic diet supply during antepartum. Nine heifers were induced to subclinical hypocalcemia during antepartum, sorted in 3 groups: G0 = no anionic diet before induction; G11= eleven days of anionic diet before induction; and G15 = fifteen days of anionic diet before induction. Examinations were held before and after induction and total and ionized calcium, magnesium and albumin were evaluated from days -2, 0, 1, 2 and 3, day 0 being the moment of induction; hematologic parameters were evaluated at days 0, 1, 2 and 3. G11 presented a higher total and ionized calcium concentration than G0 and higher total calcium concentration than G15 (P < 0.01). Magnesium had its highest values at G15 when compared to the other two groups (P < 0.01). G0 presented its highest values of monocytes and neutrophils rods (P<0.01). The eleven days of anionic diet supply were enough to maintain calcium homeostasis and leukocyte response in heifers challenged to reduction in blood calcium.

RESUMO A hipótese deste estudo é de que o uso da combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina pode melhorar a resistência periférica à insulina, aumentar a quantidade de glicose disponível para a glândula mamária e a produção de leite. Assim, o objetivo foi investigar os efeitos combinados de butafosfan e cianocobalamina sobre o metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no período pós-parto. Vinte e uma vacas leiteiras foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo controle (CON, n= 11), que recebeu cinco aplicações de solução salina (20mL / animal 0,9% NaCl), e grupo Catosal(r) (ABC, n= 10), que recebeu cinco aplicações de 20mL de uma solução contendo as substâncias butafosfan e cianocobalamina (B12 Catosal(r), 100mg da substância butafosfan e 50µg de cianocobalamina por mL). As aplicações foram realizadas por via intramuscular, nos dias sete, 12, 17, 22 e 27 pós-parto. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas para a avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de fósforo, glicose, ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNE), albumina, aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e creatina quinase (CK). Nos dias oito e 28 pós-parto, os animais foram pesados e submetidos aos testes de tolerância à glicose e à insulina. O tratamento promoveu perda de peso (ABC 40,4kg, CON 10,73kg, P<0,05) e aumento da AST (ABC 62,92 ±3,31U/L, CON 53,11±3,49 U / L, P<0,05) e dos níveis de CK (ABC 134,09± 19,08U / L, CON 79,43 ± 18,27U / L). Os grupos não diferiram quanto ao metabolismo (área sob a curva) da glicose nos dias oito e 28, porém os animais tratados tiveram um aumento na glicemia (P<0,05) no dia 28 pós-parto (97,54 ± 8,54mg / dL), após a administração de insulina, em comparação ao dia oito (83,01 ± 8,54mg / dL). Assim, pode-se concluir que a combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina melhora a adaptação do metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no início da lactação.

ABSTRACT The hypothesis of this study is that the combined use of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin could enhance peripheral insulin resistance, increasing the amount of glucose available for the mammary gland and milk production. Thus, our aim was to investigate the combined effects of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin on the glucose metabolism in dairy cows during the postpartum period. Twenty one dairy cows were divided into two groups: Control Group (CON, n= 11), that received 5 injections of saline solution (20mL/animal 0.9 % NaCl), and Catosal group (ABC, n= 10) which received 5 injections of 20mL of a Butafosfan and Cyanocobalamin solution (Catosal(r) B12, 100mg of Butafosfan and 50µg Cyanocobalamin for mL). The injections were performed by intramuscular route, on days 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27 postpartum. Blood samples were taken on these days to evaluate plasma concentrations of phosphorus, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK). On days 8 and 28 postpartum, the animals were weighted and subjected to the glucose tolerance and insulin challenge tests. The treatment promoted weight loss (ABC 40.4kg, CON 10.73kg, P< 0.05) and increased AST (ABC 62.92 ±3.31U/L, CON 53.11 ±3.49U/L, P< 0.05) and CK levels (ABC 134.09 ±19.08U/L, CON 79.43 ±18.27U/L). Glucose metabolism (area under the curve) did not differ (P> 0.05) among groups on days 8 and 28; however, ABC animals showed higher serum glucose levels (P< 0.05) after insulin administration on day 28 postpartum (97.54 ±8.54mg/dL) when compared to day 8 (83.01 ±8.54mg/dL). It could be concluded that the combined use of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin interferes positively with the adaptation of glucose metabolism in dairy cows in early lactation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between cyclin D1 expression and clinicopathological parameters in patients with prostate carcinoma. We assessed cyclin D1 expression by conventional immunohistochemistry in 85 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma and 10 normal prostate tissue samples retrieved from autopsies. We measured nuclear immunostaining in the entire tumor area and based the results on the percentage of positive tumor cells. The preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was 8.68±5.16 ng/mL (mean±SD). Cyclin D1 staining was positive (cyclin D1 expression in >5% of tumor cells) in 64 cases (75.4%) and negative (cyclin D1 expression in ≤5% of tumor cells) in 21 cases (including 15 cases with no immunostaining). Normal prostate tissues were negative for cyclin D1. Among patients with a high-grade Gleason score (≥7), 86% of patients demonstrated cyclin D1 immunostaining of >5% (P<0.05). In the crude analysis of cyclin D1 expression, the high-grade Gleason score group showed a mean expression of 39.6%, compared to 26.9% in the low-grade Gleason score group (P<0.05). Perineural invasion tended to be associated with cyclin D1 expression (P=0.07), whereas cyclin D1 expression was not associated with PSA levels or other parameters. Our results suggest that high cyclin D1 expression could be a potential marker for tumor aggressiveness.

Compararam-se as concentrações de cálcio, glicose e insulina em ovelhas gestantes e não gestantes submetidas ao teste de tolerância à glicose (TTG). Oito ovelhas gestantes (GG) e oito não gestantes (NG) foram submetidas ao TTG por meio da administração endovenosa de uma solução de glicose, na dose de 500mg/kg de peso vivo. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas nos tempos de -15, zero, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 e 180 minutos, sendo zero min o momento da infusão, para avaliação da concentração sanguínea de glicose, cálcio e insulina. Foi avaliada a taxa de metabolização de glicose e insulina, por meio do cálculo da área sob a curva (ASC). As concentrações de glicose, cálcio, insulina e a ASC da insulina não diferiram entre os grupos (P>0,05), entretanto as três últimas ASCs da glicose foram mais elevados nas gestantes (P<0,05), que correspondem ao período entre 90 e 180min. O teste de correlação de Pearson revelou correlação negativa entre concentração de cálcio e insulina nas gestantes (P<0,05). Estes resultados indicam menor taxa de metabolização de glicose em ovelhas gestantes e uma possível relação de cálcio e insulina no terço final de gestação.

The aim of this study was to investigate glucose, insulin and calcium metabolism during the Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) in pregnant or nonpregnant ewes. Eight pregnant (PG) and nonpregnant (NPG) ewes per group received a glucose endovenosus bolus containning 500mg/kg in one minute. Blood samples were collected on -15, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes interval (0 min - injection). These samples were used to evaluate glucose, calcium, insulin concentration, as well as insulin and glucose metabolization rate, which were determined by calculating the Area Under the Curve (AUC). The calcium, glucose and insulin concentrations were not different between groups. However, the three last glucose ASCs were higher in the pregnant group and in this group calcium and insulin blood concentrations were negatively correlated .These results showed lower glucose tolerance in pregnant ewes and suggest a link between insulin and calcium in the late pregnancy.

The fast agglutination screening test, using S. Typhimurium as the antigen, was compared with the standard bacterial method to identify rheas (Rhea americana) contaminated with Salmonella spp.at slaughter.Seventy birds were serologically tested for Salmonella enterica Pullorum using a commercial antigen.Of these, 66 were also submitted to a macroagglutination test, using a strain of Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from rheas.All birds did not react with the commercial S. Pullorum antigen, but 37 were positive for the FAST-ST.The isolation of Salmonella spp. was verified in 66 (94.2%) birds. 85.7% were found in liver samples, 60% in feces and 42.3% in cloacal swabs.A total of 16.6% were identified as being S. enterica enterica rugosa, 35.9% as S. Typhimurium, 46.5% as S.Newport and 0.9% as S. Anatum. An insignificant concordance between the results of bacterial isolation and the serological response was observed (k=0.016).The detection of Salmonella spp. by bacteriological and serological methods in samples from rheas must be deemed important, because birds without a clinical manifestation can be significant sources of salmonellas in food infections.

Procurou-se verificar a viabilidade da colopexia laparoscópica com o emprego de pericárdio bovino conservado em glicerina e testar seus resultados em relação ao procedimento incisional por celiotomia em 20 cães, separados em dois grupos com igual número de animais. A técnica laparoscópica envolveu a realização de duas incisões paralelas no músculo transverso abdominal, sob o qual foi posicionado um retalho da membrana conservada, que envolveu completamente o cólon descendente. Com a aplicação de dois clipes que uniram as bordas do pericárdio e com a sua fixação às camadas serosa e muscular do cólon, promoveu-se a aproximação do órgão à parede abdominal. Vinte e oito dias após, por ocasião do exame laparoscópico, verificou-se que todos os pacientes do grupo da celiotomia mantiveram a aderência do cólon, situação que não foi observada nos animais submetidos à cirurgia laparoscópica. Conclui-se que a técnica proposta não possibilita colopexia permanente, sendo contra-indicada para cães.

The laparoscopic colopexy with bovine pericardium preserved in glycerol was compared to incisional approach by celiotomy. Twenty mongrel dogs were used after being separated in two groups. In the laparoscopic surgery, two incisions were made on the transverse abdominal muscles, and the implant was positioned through the muscle flap, involving the bowel. Finally, the extremities of the mesh were clipped. Twenty-eight days after this surgery, the experimental animals were submitted to a new laparoscopic surgery, now aiming at observing the results of both techniques. All patients of the celiotomy group maintained the colopexy. However, none of the animals submitted to the laparoscopic surgery maintained the bowel fixation. The proposed technique is not indicated to promote colopexy in dogs.

Avaliou-se uma nova técnica de colopexia laparoscópica, sem necessidade de suturas intracorpóreas em cães, utilizando a implantação de segmento de tela de polipropileno em 11 animais. As superfícies serosas do cólon descendente e parede muscular foram mantidas em contato com o implante posicionado por meio de lesão produzida no mesocólon e sob o retalho bipediculado de músculo transverso abdominal. As extremidades da tela foram unidas com a aplicação de clipe de titânio. Os procedimentos duraram 36,00±13,15min, sem a ocorrência de complicações. No período pós-operatório, foi verificada a manutenção da colopexia em sete animais, a formação de fixação parcial entre o intestino e a parede em três cães, e a não formação de aderências do cólon em um paciente. Conclui-se que o procedimento proposto é viável para cães, porém necessita de ajustes técnicos.

A new laparoscopic colopexy technique was tested in dogs without intracorporeal sutures. The use of polypropylene mesh in eleven mongrel dogs was evaluated. The serosal surface of the descendent colon and transverse abdominal muscle were put in contact with the mesh application, taking into consideration that the polypropylene implant was positioned through the mesocolon and under the muscle flap. Finally, the extremities of the mesh were clipped. The procedures lasted 36:00±13:15min, without any kind of complications. In the post-operative period, adequate colopexy in seven dogs was observed. In three dogs the colopexy was partial and in one the bowel did not adhere to the muscles or mesh. The proposed procedure is viable for dogs, however, it is necessary to make some adjustments.